Danny Amor's Online Library/Danny Amor's Online Library - Volume 1.iso/html/faqs/faq/frame-faq

Text File | 1995-07-25 | 60KB | 1,460 lines

Subject: FrameMaker FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
Newsgroups: comp.text.frame,news.answers,comp.answers
From: [e-mail] (Robert McCormick)
Date: 11 Aug 1993 00:00:27 -0400

Archive-name: frame-faq
Version: 1.9
Last-modified: 1993/05/10

     FrameMaker Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) List
     ===============================================

*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-
Note from Bob:
    Here is another version of the FAQ.  I've made some
corrections to various items and added 7 new questions. If any of the
FTP or email addresses have changed, please let me know.
    I included the code for PFlpr.draft in question 19.  I have
not tested it (shame, shame) since I don't have full access to a Unix
system.
    Question 33 can become a catch-all for Postscript questions,
such as which lines need to be added or deleted in various
circumstances.  I don't deal with Postcript directly myself, so I have
not saved the relevant articles.  If someone will create a summary, I
will include it.
    Eagle-eyed correctors for this issue:
    Wolfgang Jeschke <[e-mail]>
    Jeffrey Neau <[e-mail]>
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-

This article contains the answers to some Frequently Asked Questions
(FAQ) about FrameMaker, often seen in the USENET newsgroup
"comp.text.frame" and on the "framers" mailing list.  It is posted to
help reduce volume in this newsgroup and to provide hard-to-find
information of general interest.

This newsgroup and mailing list are not officially supported by Frame
Technologies, Inc.  (See questions 7 and 8.)

    This article, as a collection of information, is Copyright 1993
    Robert McCormick, as a work of literature.  Distribution through
    any means other than regular Usenet channels must be by permission.
    The removal of this copyright notice is forbidden.

(This notice is simply meant to prevent people from redistributing the
information as their own work, or for profit.)

    Please redistribute this article to people who ask for it or
    people who use FrameMaker!  However, distribute the whole file,
    including the copyright notices and the attributions.

Most answers are written for FramerMaker version 3.0 or 3.1, and may
not work (or be applicable) to earlier versions.

Unless the posting is of local interest (like a user group meeting),
please use Distribution: world in your posts.

A big THANK YOU to all of the folks that have contributed to this FAQ,
either directly or indirectly.  For most of these questions, I did not
come up with the answer; I just edited them into this FAQ. -Bob.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
General Network Information

   i   If you are new to USENET, subscribe to news.announce.newusers
and read the postings there.  They give you general information and
tips on making life easier for you and everybody else.  Read:
    "A Primer on How to Work With the Usenet Community"
    "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Usenet"
    "Hints on writing style for Usenet"

   ii  To get the latest copy of this FAQ via mail server, send e-mail
to [e-mail] with the following line in the body:
    send usenet/news.answers/frame-faq

   iii To find other FAQs, look in news.answers, or send e-mail
to [e-mail] with the following line in the body:
    send usenet/news.answers/index

   iv  FTP (File Transfer Protocol/Program) is a a way of copying files
between networked computers.  If you need help in using or getting
started with FTP, send e-mail to [e-mail] with the
following line in the body:
    send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

Legend:
  + indicates questions new to this issue;
  ! indicates those with significant changes since the last issue.

Table of Contents:
   1 ! How do I get on the mailing list?  What other lists,
       newsgroups, or bulletin boards have FM information?
   2   How do I set up autonumbers for Figures as "Figure 5-1"?
   3 ! Where can I find a filter to convert <XXXXXX> to Frame?
   4   How can I print "DRAFT" on the background of every page?
       (See also question 19.)
   5   Are there any books or magazines published about Frame?
   6   Are there any Frame User Groups in my area?
   7 ! Where do I submit bug reports?
   8   Where do I submit enhancement requests?
   9   How can I do bibliographies in FrameMaker?
       (See also question 29.)
  10   How do I display show white text on a black background?
       What are all the keyboard mappings?
       How come I can't type in any dialogs?
       (and other X Window System specific information)
  11   Is there any easy way to move one or more pages to a different
       place in the document? (Two layout models.)
  12   Do you know what happens if you the spell checker finds
       "Interleaf" (a competitor to FrameMaker)?
  13   How can I control which master page is used when text flows
       off of the current page?
  14   How do I convert a Frame document on the Mac to use it on a
       Sun? (and other platforms)
       Why to my imported images show up as gray rectangles when I
       transfer a file from <platform-A> to <platform-B>?
  15   How do I place an autonumbered figure number in an anchored frame?
       Why doesn't it update properly?
  16   How can I get "Page 3 of 152" in the footer to work for
       a multi-file book?
  17   How can I print with the "-h" switch in FM3.0/3.1?
  18   How do I force a page break?
  19 ! How can I specify "DRAFT" in the background when I print?
       (See also question 4.)
  20   What exactly is copied during File:Use Formats?
  21   How can I automatically import a graphic file whose format is
       not recognized by FM, if I know how to do the conversion manually?
  22   How do I incorporate code fragments in a FM document?
  23   How can I change the page size of an existing document?
  24 ! Are there any grammer checkers for FM?
  25   How can I set the default printer name?
  26 ! How can I print pages in pamphlet/booklet/signature order?
  27   How do I open documents from the command line using an already
       running FM (and thus only a single license)?
  28   Is there a way to print certain pages or ranges from a book
       or file, besides the one-range-at-a-time printing via FM?
  29   Can FM produce automatically numbered endnotes?
       (See also question 9.)
  30 + Are there any SGML converters for FM?
  31 + Where can I get the FUN tape?
  32 + I want chapter number and title on separate lines, both in TOC.
  33 + I am having problems transfering Postscript in and out of FM.
  34 + I used a rotated (landscape) page for a large figure, but the
       figure keeps moving to a portrait page!
  35 + Can I generate a table-of-contents directly into a file?
  36 + Why do some of my cross-references keep changing to point
       to the wrong paragraph?

Questions remaining to be answered (by you? :-)
   .   Any generally-useful info on Postscrip-FM issues (lines that
       need to be added/removed, import/export, etc.)
   .   How can I place FM documents under configuration management/
       software control?
   .   How can I merge a list of names and addresses with a FM
       document to generate personalized letters? (fmmerge from FUN tape.)

Future Plans
   .   Re-format the FAQ so that it can be read via Emacs outline-mode,
       and convertable to hypertext format, WWW, possibly wasis, etc.
   .   Re-order questions into groups, such as formatting, platform
       issues, book issues, etc.
   .   Split the FAQ into multiple parts if it gets much longer.
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   1   How do I get on the mailing list?  What other lists,
       newsgroups, or bulletin boards have FM information?

-----
A. The comp.text.frame USENET newsgroup & the "framers" mailing list.

Subscribe to the USENET newsgroup comp.text.frame, or get on the
"framers" reflective mailing list.  The mailing list and the newsgroup
are partially gatewayed in one direction: from the newsgroup to the
mailing list but not vice versa.  The 'cream of comp.text.frame' is
forwarded to the mailing list.

    NOTE that these two forums are NOT officially read or
    supported by Frame Technologies Inc.

To find out how to read a newsgroup, ask your system administrator.
To get on the mailing list, use the automated administrator; to find
out how, send "help" in the body of a message to:
        [e-mail]
If you have trouble with the automated administrator, send email to:
    [e-mail]

-----
B. Frame Technology's Bulletin Board System

Frame Technology has created a bulletin board system that can be used
to submit bug reports, leave messages, read bulletins and technical
tips, or upload/download files.
    2400 bps: [phone]
    9600 bps: [phone]
    Recommend terminal emulation: ANSI

Thanks Al!

-----
C. Frame Technology's FrameFacts FAX Retrieval System

Frame Technology has created the FrameFacts FAX retrieval system.
This system is activated by your touch-tone phone, and will send
requested documents to the FAX machine of your choosing.  FrameFacts
contains the latest Technical Notes and tips for all the FrameMaker
platforms and products.  This system is updated weekly, as is the BBS.
You can reach FrameFacts by calling [phone].  You may wish
to request the Index of Documents the first time you call.
(This system may only work if you are calling from USA or Canada.)

-----
D. Other USENET groups of interest to desktop publishing.

comp.text, comp.text.desktop, comp.text.sgml, comp.lang.postscript,
comp.sources.postscript, alt.hypertext

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   2   How do I set up autonumbers for Figures as "Figure 5-1"?

In autonumbering, if you include "< >" in the number, this means
"don't display and don't reset the number in this position." Note the
space between the angle brackets.  Otherwise, when you increment a
number in a series, all further numbers in the series are reset to 0.

Use one number series for both headers and figure numbers. The
positions of the numbers in the series are as follows:

<level1> <figure> <table> <example> <level2> <level3> <level4> <level5>

The resultant autonumbers are:

Head1        H:<n+>
Figure        H:<n>-<n+>< >< >< >< >< >< >
Table        H:<n>-< ><n+>< >< >< >< >< >
Example        H:<n>-< >< ><n+>< >< >< >< >
Head2        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n+>
Head3        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n+>
Head4        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n>.<n+>
Head5        H:<n>< >< >< >.<n>.<n>.<n>.<n+>

(Thanks to Alan Koch  <[e-mail]> !)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   3   Where can I find a filter to convert <XXXXXX> to Frame?

There is a list of filters that is maintained, and posted to this list
when changed.  The filter list and most of the filters can be obtained
by anonymous ftp to the ftp sites listed below.

FTP-name            Directory
--------            ---------
ftp.irisa.fr            /FrameMaker/Filters
procyon.cis.ksu.edu        /pub/FUN/Filters
sunbane.engrg.uwo.ca        /pub/fun/filters

A mail server is available for (most of) the filters:
    [e-mail]
which belongs to the University of Stuttgart in Germany.  To find out
how to use the server you can send the following command in the body
of a mail message to the server:
    HELP
    INDEX

The filters reside in the directory: soft/unix/tools/framemaker
There is also a set of templates in: ...../framemaker/TEMPLATES
The filters are packed and encoded in various ways (shar, .Z, tar),
and unpacking programs are available from the mail server also.  See
the INDEX.

Example of getting a file:
    begin
    send soft/unix/tools/framemaker/prog2mif.tar.Z
    end

If you do not have access to any of these methods, request the list by
sending email to Ed van Leeuwen <[e-mail]> or
Mark Lawrence <[e-mail]>.

(Thanks to Ed and Mark, and thanks to Hansjuergen Paul
<[e-mail]> and Barbara Burr <[e-mail]> for
helping to set up the mail server!)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   4   How can I print "DRAFT" on the background of every page?
       (See also question 19.)

On the master page, create a new text rectangle.  Add the following
text:
    (DRAFT) /Times-Roman /B -52 /UL .8
    #include "$FMHOME/.fminit2.0.ps/docs/BigFill.ps

where $FMHOME is the pathname of your $FMHOME directory.  Select the
text rectangle and choose Format Flow.  Select Postscript Code and
choose OK.  Go to the body pages and print.

The arguments are:
    1 = string to print, in parenthesis, e.g. (PRELIMINARY)
    2 = font desired: /font, e.g. /Times-Roman
    3 = mode code where /W = fill width, /H = fill height, /B = fill both,
            expands the characters to fill the text rectangle
    4 = rotate value from -180 to +180
         where positive = counterclockwise, negative = clockwise
    5 = starting corner: /LL /LR /UR /UL  where LL = lower left, etc.
    6 = grayscale value from 0 to 1 where 0 = black, 1 = white

The size of the text is determined by the size of the text rectangle
and the "mode code" argument.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   5   Are there any books or magazines published about Frame?

--------
A.  Michael Fraase. 1992.  "Structured Publishing from the Desktop: Frame
    Technology's FrameMaker."  Business One Irwin, Homewood, IL.  336 pp.
    Softbound.  $24.95  ISBN 1-55623-616-6.

(Thanks to Binion Amerson!)

--------
B.  Juergen Gulbins.  1992.  "Desktop Publishing mit FrameMaker".
    Published in German.  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York.
    ISBN 3-540-54455-0

(Thanks to Karl Obermayr!)

--------
C.  Framers forum Magazine.  Published quarterly.  $24.95 yearly in
    USA, $29.95 ouside USA.  Contact: Framers forum Magazine,
    Subscription Dept., 37213 SE WildCat Mt. Dr., Eagle Creek OR 97022
    USA, Tel [phone], Fax [phone]

--------
D.  FrameFootnotes: The technical newsletter for FrameMaker users,
    published (quarterly?) by Frame Technical Support. Contact:
    Technical Support/FrameFootnotes, Frame Technology Corporation,
    1010 Rincon Circle, San Jose CA 95131 USA

--------
E.  FrameFocus, contents: from the president, new products, 3rd party
    products, market watch, etc., published quarterly by Frame
    Technologies. Contact: Editor, FrameFocus, Frame Technology
    Corporation, 1010 Rincon Circle, San Jose CA 95131 USA

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   6   Are there any Frame User Groups in my area?

Usually called FUN for Frame User Network.

Atlanta, GA USA
            Dana O'Farrell  [phone]  Meets quarterly.
Chicago IL USA
            Lester LaPierre  [phone]
Cleveland OH USA
            Eric LaPresto  [phone]
Columbus OH USA
            Alan Addis  [phone] x2497
            Peggy Sutliff       "      x3200
Dallas-Fort Worth TX USA
            Darja Adams [phone] x2257
Dayton OH USA
            Brian Bermhardt  [phone]
Detroit MI USA
            Myron Hayden  [phone]
Indianapolis IN USA
            Brad Williamson  [phone]  [phone]
                             [phone] x632
Los Angeles, CA USA
            Brian Keith  [phone]
Milwaukee WI USA
            Luke Heffron  [phone]
Minneapolis MN USA
            Nancee Melby  [phone]
New England USA
            Dan York  [e-mail]  [phone]
Phoenix, AZ USA
            Ken Arnold  [phone]
Pittsburgh, PA USA
            Alan S. Koch  [e-mail]  [phone]
San Diego, CA USA
            Cynthia Hilsinger  [phone]
San Francisco Bay Area, CA USA
            Ruth LoCurto  [e-mail]  [phone]

Frame has installed a pre-recorded message to find out about user
group meetings. The number is (USA) [phone] x2286.

If you want to start one of your very own FUN group, contact
    Sandy Knox  [e-mail]  [phone]

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   7   Where do I submit bug reports?

Mail them to [e-mail] .  European users can also mail to
[e-mail] .  Sending them to this newsgroup helps others
to avoid the bugs and possibly provide work-arounds, but you MUST mail
directly to Frame to submit a bug report.  Frame does not officially
read this newsgroup.

Frame Technology has created a bulletin board system that can be used
to submit bug reports (and to get additional information):
    2400 bps: [phone]
    9600 bps: [phone]

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   8   Where do I submit enhancement requests?

Mail them to [e-mail] .  European users can also mail to
[e-mail] .  Sending them to this newsgroup may allow
others to suggest a work-around, but you MUST mail directly to Frame
to submit a request.  Frame does not officially read this newsgroup.
See bulletin board information in previous question.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   9   How can I do bibliographies in FrameMaker?
       (See also question 29.)

--------
A. fmbib

"fmbib" takes a Frame document (.mif format) as its input, with
"Bibliography" markers embedded where the references occur. The marker
text is that of a key word indexed into a bibliography database file,
such as Scribe's ".bib" files.  In fact, the program is compatible
with Scribe bibliography files.  The user can also specify on the
command line one of several reference and bibliography styles.  fmbib
will then generate a new FM .mif file which is the actual
bibliography.  The original document is modified to contain
cross-references to this new document.  These references appear as
visible text when the user updates cross-references in the original
document.  The program also aids in creating new bibliography database
files.

The sources have been built and tested under CMU's BSD4.3-compliant
MACH OS, for Sun3, Sun4, Pmax, Vax, and IBM-RT workstations.  It
should be portable to any Unix box.

Available for anonymous FTP
    Site                            Directory
    USA: ftp.mips.com            pub/frame/fmbib.tar.Z
    Europe: peanuts.pst.informatik.uni-muenchen.de (129.187.236.10)
                                        pub/etc/fmbib.tar.Z

You will need to uncompress and untar this file.

(Thanks to Craig Marcus!)

--------
B. BibFrame

BibFrame makes it possible to deal with references in FrameMaker in a
general way. You do not have to enter your reference list by hand
every time you write a document. Instead, the reference list is
automatically generated from a data base with references. This ensure
that your reference entries are in the right format. You do not have
to bother with how things should be emphasized, abbreviated and so on.

You have a database with references. The format of the references is
the same format that is used by BibTeX. That means that people using
LaTeX and FrameMaker can use the same data base.

Currently it is possible to use the bibliography styles ``plain'',
``alpha'' and ``mapalike''.

It ought to work on most unix machines.  This program require BibTeX
to be present.

Available for anonymous FTP from ftp.ida.liu.se (130.236.139.139) in
pub/bibframe/bibframe-0.4.1.tar.Z

(Thanks to Tommy Persson  <[e-mail]> !)

--------
C. EndNote Plus

Using EndNote with FrameMaker
By: Todd R. Johnson, [e-mail]
Last Updated: 1/16/92

I am specifically using FM 3.0 and EndNote Plus.
I welcome comments and questions about these instructions.

In the following instructions "reference marker" refers to the label
placed in the source document at the location where you want the in
text citation to appear.  For example:

   Heuristic classification {Clancey, 1987 #52} is defined as...

This is what you get if you select an entry in an EndNote database
and then copy it to the clipboard.

The following instructions assume that your FM document consists of
a single file.  Multiple file documents can be handled in a similar
fashion.

1. Every reference marker in your FM document must be the value of a
variable.  For example, create a variable called (Clancey, 1987 #52)
with {Clancey, 1987 #52} as the value.  This is necessary because
EndNote will not be able to read the reference marker if it is
hyphenated or spread over two lines.  The values of variables in the
variable definitions found in a MIF file are not hyphenated or spread
among lines, so EndNote can read them.  Note that in your document the
reference markers (even when done as variables) will be hyphenated
and/or split across lines. That is OK, since EndNote directly changes
the definition of the variable and that definition is not hyphenated
or split.

    Also, for reference marker delimiters you should use curly
brackets (as shown above) instead of EndNote's default square
brackets. MIF uses square brackets (but doesn't appear to use any
curly brackets) to denote various information and EndNote will think
that these are citations and try to find a match for them in your
bibliography.  Furthermore, EndNote Plus has a bug that causes it to
crash if it sees an open delimiter without a corresponding close
delimiter. Since the MIF file contains a lot of square brackets a
crash will sometimes occur if you use square brackets.

2. When you are ready to add your bibliography write out your FM
document as a MIF file.

3. Create a Microsoft Word 4 file called Bibliography (or whatever name you
like). This is the file that will eventually contain your formatted
bibliography entries.  The first time I tried this I used an empty
Word document and EndNote crashed, so add a few
paragraph marks to the Word file.

4. Have EndNote open your MIF file using the menu selection:
Paper-->Open Paper.

5. Use the "Next file" option (Paper-->Next File) in EndNote to have
it open the Word 4 Bibliography file.

6. Tell EndNote to format your paper (Paper-->Format).  (As usual,
make sure you have selected the appropriate citation style.) EndNote
will create two new documents.  The first will be a MIF document of
your paper with the reference markers replaced with the appropriate
in-text citations.  The second is a Word file containing your
bibliography entries with the appropriate text styles (e.g., italics,
underlining, etc.)

7. Open the newly created MIF file from FrameMaker.

8. Open the Word file from within FM.  [Note: If you are using
Connectix Virtual and FM 2.1, make sure you turn off Virtual or set it
at no more than 8 megs before you try to open the Word file.  (FM 2.1
filters will crash if Virtual has more than 8 megs assigned.)]

9. Copy the bibliography entries and paste them into the MIF document.
You will probably want to apply an FM paragraph style to them.

10. Write the MIF file out as a Normal FM file.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  10   How do I display white text on a black background?
       (and other X Window System specific information)

--------
A. White Text on Black Background

For FM 3.0/3.1 on X, set up the following in your .Xdefaults file:
    Maker.colorDocs:    False
    Maker*docBackground:    black
    Maker*winRect.foreground: white

To set the menus, dialogs, borders, etc. to white-on-black, try:
    Maker*background:    black
    Maker*foreground:    white

--------
B. Other X Resources

Look in the various files in $FMHOME/.fminit2.0/xresources .

--------
C. Keyboard Mappings

Refer to $FMHOME/.fminit2.0/kbmaps/README.kbmap for lots of info on
keyboard mapping, and pointer to the various files used for mapping.
(NeXT: /LocalAppls/FrameMaker.app/fminit2.0/......)

Print out:  $FMHOME/.fminit2.0.ps/docs/QuickRef.doc

There is a Quick Reference sheet for the Macintosh available from
Frame Technologies.  It was circulated recently in MIF format.

--------
D. How come I can't type in any dialogs?

Try setting the following attributes:
    Maker*focusOnMouse:        True
    OpenWindows.FocusLenience:    True

Also, consult the Release Notes, particularly the section about
configuring FM for different window managers.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  11   Is there any easy way to move one or more pages to a different
       place in the document? (Two layout models.)

FM supports two basic layout models; let's call them "newspaper" and
"term paper".  In the term paper model, there's basically one story
that flows from one page to the next; the pages themselves can be
thought of as transient, existing only to divide up the flow.  In the
newspaper model, the pages exist independently of the stories, and you
place the stories by reshaping the text columns and linking a column
on page 1 to a column on another page.  The newspaper model is also
used for producing "forms".  Overhead transparencies can be done with
either model.

In the newspaper model, you probably start out by using Page->Add Page
to create the proper number of pages, then placing stories in the
columns, and linking those columns to additional ones on later pages
as necessary.  Pages are not automatically generated when text flows
out of a column (Autoconnect is off). There's no "easy" way to
rearrange pages, but this model doesn't often require it.

In the term paper model, you start with one page, and let a
lengthening story automatically generate additional pages (Autoconnect
is on).  If style dictates that page break is required, you simply tag
the next paragraph as "Start at Top"; this is probably built into the
cataloged tag.  In this model, you don't move "pages" around, you move
bunches of sentences around (using Cut and Paste), and the pages
adjust themselves automatically.

Note that in the term paper model you DON'T want to use "Add Page" and
you DO want to place any graphics in a anchored frame or table, so
they'll move with the text, not stick to the page.

Things can get complicated when you want an exception page in the
middle of a term paper, such as a rotated page for a landscape
formatted graphic.

Additional points:

- There is NO way to cut/copy and then paste a master page as a unit.
- There is NO way to cut/copy and then paste a reference page as a unit.
        You can only add a new (empty) master/reference page,
        and then copy and paste objects from the source page.

- There is NO way to add a new page (Page:Add Page) and simultaneously
  specify a desired master page.
    An added page ALWAYS gets master page "Right" (or "Left" in a
    2-sided document as appropriate).  If you want to add a page
    using a different master page you must first add it and then
    apply the master page using Page:Column Layout.  If the desired
    master page has a different arrangement of text columns you will
    often end up with "orphan" text columns that you must delete.

(Thanks to ?????? and David Cortesi <[e-mail]> !)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  12   Do you know what happens if the spell checker finds
       "Interleaf" (a competitor to FrameMaker)?

Yes, we do, but just in case, it gets posted every 3-4 months.

(Thanks to ??????!)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  13   How can I control which master page is used when text flows
       off of the current page?

When you push text out of a column with Autoconnect turned on, how
does FM choose which master page to use for the new page?

The rule is something like this:

    If the number and type (letter tag) of the autoconnect flows on the
    current body page exactly match the autoconnect flows on the Right
    master page, then the Right master page is used.

    Otherwise, the master page for the current body page is used.

The Right master page is kind of the default master page. (Unless it
is a double-sided document, in which case there are Left and Right
defaults.) For example, if you were typing a memo, you would have (at
least) two master pages, one called "First" which contained the big
header, and one called "Right" for all of the continuation pages.

You cannot get FM to automatically go from one non-Right master to
another. For example, assume that a memo has 3 masters: Fax, First,
and Right. There is no way to start the document with only the Fax
page, and have it automatically change to First, and then to Right.
The solution is to create 3 pages, apply the appropriate masters,
connect the flows as needed, and make sure that empty pages are not
deleted (see Format->Document).

Another item to note is that when changing master pages with Page
Layout, the same "union" rules apply, as done with "Use Formats." For
example, if the body page currently has one column of flow B, and you
apply a master page which has one column with flow A, you will wind up
with two text columns. You can then copy the text from the old column
to the new column (if appropriate), and then delete the old column.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  14 ! How do I convert a Frame document on the Mac to use it on a
       Sun? (and other platforms)
       Why do my imported images show up as gray rectangles when I
       transfer a file from <platform-A> to <platform-B>?

The document file is the same on every platform that Frame supports,
so there is no conversion.  If you're having trouble, make sure that
you are transfering in "binary" mode, not text mode, not MacBinary
mode.  If moving to the Mac, you will have to open FM and then open
the file; double-clicking won't work.  If the document does not show
in the Open File dialog, press Option while choosing File Open.

If the two platforms are running different versions (1.3/2.x/3.x),
and/or you have to convert to an older version, write the file out in
MIF format before transferring, and transfer in text mode.

Note that imported graphics may not display or print on the new
platform; consult FM Reference Manual Appendix on "Using FrameMaker on
Multiple Platforms."  This occurs becuase the graphics are displayed
using features of the operating system (such as QuickDraw routines on
the Mac and Postscript on the NeXT) that are not available on every
platform.

If you "Copy File Into Document" when importing, and set the "Save
FrameImage with Imported Graphic" attribute (in File:Preferences),
your graphics will be displayed no matter what platform you're on.
Although you cannot always import a given graphic format into a given
platform's FrameMaker, once that graphic is imported with the
FrameImage, its contents are displayable in any platform's FrameMaker.
Again, consult the Reference Manual.  Note that FrameImages are 72DPI
bitmaps, so you can display the image, but you won't necessarily like
what you get if you print it.

(Thanks to ????!)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  15   How do I place an autonumbered figure number in an anchored frame?
       Why doesn't it update properly?

There are three ways to place figure numbers so that they are
automatically updated.  They each have advantages and disadvantages.
Note that you cannot use a "text line" (the A tool) for the figure
number, because text lines cannot be autonumbered, since they are not
real paragraphs in a text column.

--------
A. In-Frame

The figure number is containd in a text column which is inside the
anchored frame.

Advantages:
  +  Can use "floating" figures, because the title is inside the
     floating frame.

Disadvantages:
  -  Text column must be properly placed (see below).
  -  Cannot be used if you want other autonumbered text cols in frame.

If you use this method, the text column with the figure number must be
the first text column in the drawing order. To ensure this, select the
column and do Graphics->Back.

--------
B. Out-of-Frame

The figure number is outside the frame, usually in the paragrah that
contains the anchor.  Use Keep With Next and Keep With Previous in
Format Paragraph to keep things together.

Advantages:
  +  Don't have to worry about text column in frame.
  +  Can have an autonumbered text column in frame.

Disadvantages:
  -  Cannot use floating figures.
  -  Hard to place title below frame. (Is there a work-around?)

--------
C. Frame in One-cell Table

Now that FM3.0 is here, we can place the frame in a table, and use the
formating capabilities of tables.

Advantages:
  +  Can use all the formatting features of tables:
         Title above or below
         Controlled spacing between title and figure
         Controlled rulling (could use top and bottom rule lines)
         etc.
  +  Don't have to worry about placement of text column in frame.
  +  Can easily place 2 (or more) figures side-by-side in a column.
     (If using more than one row, use the Table Format:Basic:Numbering
     property to set row-first or column-first numbering.)
Disadvantages:
  -  Yet another layer of nesting (table contains frame which contains
     graphic)

Note that this method provides and easy way to do side-by-side figures
(or other groupings), but you must then place the figure title inside
the table cell.  Figure number ordering can be set from Table Format.

(Thanks to Harro Kremer, [e-mail] !)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  16   How can I get "Page 3 of 152" in the footer to work for
       a multi-file book?

If you place text such as "Page <Current Page #> of <Page Count>"
(where <xxx> signifies a variable) in the footer, you will get the
expected results for a single-file document, but not for a multi-file
book.  The solution is replace the variable <Page Count> with a
cross-reference to a paragraph on the last page of the last file in
the book.  The format of the cross-reference should be <$pagenum>.
Make sure that you perform "File Generate/Update Files" from the book
before you print, to update all cross-references.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  17   How can I print with the "-h" switch in FM3.0/3.1?

In FM2.1, you could place "ps -h" in the Printer Name box in the Print
dialog, to get a file printed without a header (Unix or similar
systems).  In FM3.0, the printer script was changed.  To restore this
feature, edit $FMHOME/.fminit2.0.ps/FMlpr, and change occurences of
            "$PRINTER"
to
            $PRINTER

in the lpr commands.  This allows multiple arguements to be passed to
lpr, instead of passing the entire text to the -d or -P switch.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  18   How do I force a page break?

Ideally, you would have a unique tag that leads off the text on the
new page (e.g., Head1), and you set this paragraph format to Start:
Top of Page or Top of Column.  However, this is not always
appropriate.  There are two solutions:

A. Create a Paragraph tag called PageBreak, and set its point size to
4.0pt (smallest possible), Space Above to 0, and Space Below to 999pt.
The huge space below forces the next paragraph to the top of the page.
(Thanks to [e-mail] !)

B. Create a Paragraph tag called PageBreak, and set its Start to Top
of Page (or Column).  Set the point size to 4.0pt (smallest possible),
Space Above to 0, and Space Below to 0.  Set the leading to the
negative of the point size and the Space Above of the following
paragraph.  This causes the two paragraphs to overlap.
(Thanks to Lester C. Smalley!)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  19   How can I specify "DRAFT" in the background when I print?
       (See also question 4.)

The "Printer Name" field on the print box is passed to the FMlpr
script.  A printername of xxx:yyy calls FMlpr.xxx with a printername
of yyy (xxx is translated to lowercase). This allows supporting
multiple paper trays, fax modems, draft printing etc., merely by
adding scripts into $FMHOME/.fminit2.0.  For example, the following
script will print "DRAFT" in the background of every page.

----8<---- cut here ----8<----
#!/bin/sh
# This script adds postscript code to print the word DRAFT on every page.
# Name it FMlpr.draft and place it in any of the directories:
# ~/.fminit2.0, ./.fminit2.0, or $FMHOME/.fminit2.0.
# Set printer name to draft:xxx where xxx is the name of your
# postscript printer.

. $3/FMlpr.init

echo \
"%!
% Prelude to show a draft string on every page.
(DRAFT)
/DRAFTDICT 10 dict def
DRAFTDICT begin
/DRAFTSTRING exch def
/bd /Helvetica-Bold findfont def
/od bd maxlength 1 add dict def
bd {exch dup /FID ne {exch od 3 1 roll put} {pop pop} ifelse} forall
od /FontName /Outline0 put od /PaintType 2 put od /StrokeWidth 0 put
/Outline0 od definefont pop
/DRAFT { gsave
    [1 3] 0 setdash 0.8 setgray
     initmatrix
    /Outline0 findfont setfont
    DRAFTSTRING dup stringwidth pop 8.875 exch div dup 72 mul dup scale
    52.3 rotate 2.5 exch div -.35 translate
    0 0 moveto show
    grestore } def
/oldshow /showpage load def
/oldcopy /copypage load def
end
/showpage { DRAFTDICT begin DRAFT oldshow end } def
/copypage { DRAFTDICT begin DRAFT oldcopy end } def
% End of draft prelude" > $TMPFILE

tail +2 "$FILE" >> $TMPFILE
echo "$MYNAME: Printing DRAFT to printer $PRINTER"
cp $TMPFILE "$FILE"
rm -f $TMPFILE
FMLPR_LOCATION=FMlpr
. $FMINITDIR/FMlpr.finder
exec $FMLPR_LOCATION $PRINTER "$FILE" $FMINITDIR $HOMEDIR \
$LOCATIONFLAG $FMBINDIR
----8<---- cut here ----8<----

Thanks to [e-mail] (Graham Williams)!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  20   What exactly is copied during File:Use Formats?

Here is a description of what is copied and what actions occur during
Use Formats.  (This is from the Reference Manual, but I think it
bears repeating, since it is not in the on-line help.)

P Formats
    P Catalog
    All paragraphs are updated with the new formats
    Footnote properties (where placed, prefix, format, etc.)
    Equation sizes
    Document Properties: Allow Line Breaks After
    Flow Properties: Feather

C Formats
    C Catalog
    All tagged characters are updated with the new formats

Page Layouts
    Master Pages
    Background and Column Layout applied to all body pages
    Change Bar Properties
    Document Properties: First Page Number and Page Number Style
    View Options

Reference Pages
    Reference Pages
    Reference Frames in current doc that are not in source doc are removed!

Variable Definitions
    Variables

Cross Reference Formats
    Cross Reference Formats
    Updates internal cross-references (x-refs)

Table Formats
    Table Format Catalog
    Ruling Style Catalog
    Update all tables

Conditional Text
    Conditional Tags
    Show/Hide Settings
    Use Format Overrides

Note also that if you are going to apply P Formats, than you should
also apply C Formats.  Otherwise, text that is tagged with C formats
will still be tagged correctly, but will be displayed with the default
P format.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  21   How can I automatically import a graphic file whose format is
       not recognized by FM, if I know how to do the conversion manually.

Modify in $FMHOME/.fminit2.0 the files suffixlist and MifRead.
You can add any filters you want as long as they return a file in a
format directly recognised by frame (mif, rasterfile, xwd...)

Warning: if you translate in xwd or raster, frame will give a .rf
extension to the resulting file (copied in the calling directory),
EVEN if such a file already exists....

You can't import, the first time, by copy, only by reference.

(Thanks to Bertrand Decouty!)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  22   How do I incorporate code fragments in a Frame doc?

There is a filter called prog2mif to handle this.  It is available with
the other filters (see question 3).

(Thanks to Janick Bergeron <[e-mail]>!)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  23   How can I change the page size of an existing document?

Method A
--------
To change master page sizes, save the file as a MIF document, and then
edit the MIF file -- search-and-replace all instances of 8.5" x 11.0"
with the desired measurements.  Look for the attribute "PageSize".
Save the MIF file, and then open it again in FrameMaker -- you will
have to use the Page Layout dialog box to reapply Master Page --> Body
Page formats, although perhaps you could use the Use Formats From
dialog box, specifying the current document as the template and
updating only the Page Layout.

Also, after doing this, remember to reformat any tabs at the right end
of the template's headers/footers.

Thanks to Jonathan B. Horen <[e-mail]> and Anders Thulin
<[e-mail]> !

Method B
--------
1.  Make a new document of the right size.
2.  Save this document as a new name.
3.  Open your old Template.
4.  Go to the Master Pages of both documents,
    For each master page in the old template:
    - Create or go to that Master Page in the new document,
    - In the New document, Select all on Page and delete,
    - In the Old document, Select all on Page and copy,
    - In the New document, Paste.
5.  In the New Document, Select Use Formats from the File menu
    and bring over everything EXCEPT the Page Layouts.

Thanks to Alan S. Koch  <[e-mail]> !

A slightly different method is described in Using FrameMaker, Chapter
14: Specifying Page Layout, Changing a document's page size.

Thanks to Ari Cohn <[e-mail]> !

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  24   Are there any grammer checkers for FM?

    "Grammatik 5.0" (Windows, Mac)              Cindy, extension 22588
    WordPerfect Corporation                     tel. [phone]
    Mail Stop Q-300, Information Services       fax  [phone]
    1555 N. Technology Way
    Orem, UT 84057-2399 USA                     $99.00

Thanks to Lester Bautista <[e-mail]>!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  25   How can I set the default printer name?

Refer to FrameMaker Reference manual, Page D-5, Resources for the
"Print dialog box".  Add the following line to your .Xdefaults file:
    Maker.printerName: {printername}

NOTE: This will affect any document which has not yet been stored with
a printer name.  If a document was Saved with a printer name, the
saved name will be used.

The printer name will be saved with the document when:
    you save after you print the document, and in the Print dialog,
    the PrinterName edit box contained something even marginally different
    from what is specified by your Maker.printerName:
    (either because you changed it, or
     because it had previously been saved that way)
    e.g. "34b" vs. "34b -h"

The printer name will NOT be saved with the document when:
    you save after you print the document, and in the Print dialog,
    the PrinterName edit box was IDENTICAL to
    what is specified by your Maker.printerName:
    (either because you changed it, or
     because it had previously been saved that way)

If you build templates, you must be sure there is NOT a printer name
saved in the templates, or people's defaults will not affect them.

To remove the PrinterName from a document that has one saved with one:
1.  Open the document.
2.  Select File:Print
3.  Change the Printer Name edit box to be IDENTICAL to
    Maker.printerName: in YOUR .Xdefaults
4.  Click OK (print the document.)
5.  Select File:Save

Thanks to Alan S. Koch <[e-mail]> !

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  26   How can I print pages in pamphlet/booklet/signature order?

Pamphlet/booklet/signature order is where two logical pages are
printed on each side of a physical sheet of paper, double-sided, and
the pages are folded and stapled in the middle.  For a 2-sheet, 8 page
booklet, the page order would be: 8 & 1, 2 & 7, 3 & 6, 4 & 5.

A. psutils is a package of utilities to manipulate postcript files.
Page selection and rearrangement are supported, including arrangement
into signatures for booklet printing, and page merging for
2up/4up/8up/9up printing.

psbook          rearranges pages into signatures
psselect        selects pages and page ranges
pstops          performs general page rearrangement and selection
psnup           uses pstops to merge multiple pages per sheet
epsffit         fits an EPSF file to a given bounding box

PSutils is available from ftp.dcs.ed.ac.uk (129.215.160.5) in the file
pub/ajcd/psutils.tar.Z. It is written by Angus Duggan.  The package is
also available in the comp.sources.misc archives, or mail a message to
[e-mail] with the single body line of
    prog psutils

Thanks to [e-mail] (Angus Duggan)
and [e-mail] (Robert Pincus)
and [e-mail] (David Cortesi)

B. On the Macintosh, the DynoPage 2.0 software will do this.  It also
prints many other formats, such as 2-up, 6-up, etc.  A free demo disk
is available.  Contact Portfolio Software, 10062 Miller Avenue, Suite
201, Cupertino, CA 95014-3466 USA. Phone [phone], Fax
408-252-0440.  Applelink: PORTFOLIO, CompuServe: 75300,520, America
Online: Portfolio.

C. On Windows, the Double Up software will do this.  Contact Legend
Communications Inc., 54 Roesdale Avenue, Brampton ON L6X 1K1, Canada,
[phone].  $259 (CA?)  CompuServe: 73220,2006 (?)

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  27   How do I open documents from the command line using an already
       running FrameMaker (and thus only a single license)?

In the directory $FMHOME/source/openmaker/clclient the README contains
information on how to build and use the clclient (Command Line Client)
program.  This program allows you to open documents from the command
line using an already running FrameMaker.  This is useful for desktop
tools like Sun's FileManager which associate an application to be run
with a document, allowing FrameMaker to be running just once, and
communicating with this running FrameMaker to open further documents.

Thanks to [e-mail] (Graham Williams)!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  28   Is there a way to print certain pages or ranges from a book
       or file, besides the one-range-at-a-time printing via FM?

The "psxlate" program can extract a whole bunch of pages and
organizations from DSC compliant PostScript, which Frame is.  The
program is contained in the software package called Psroff (the
non-Adobe TranScript program).  The output of psxlate is standard
out, so it can be redirected to the printer or to a file for later
printing.

The software is available for FTP from ftp.uu.net.

Thanks to  [e-mail] !

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  29   Can FM produce automatically numbered endnotes?
       (See also question 9.)

Not directly.  However, there is a work-around using cross-references.

* Create an autonumbered paragraph type called "Endnote," with a
number format of "E:[<n+>] "

* Putting each note text in a paragraph of this type, at the end of
the document.

* Create a character style called "Endnote" which reduces the point
size and enables the superscript attribute.  This will be used for
reference to the note in the main text.

* Create a cross-reference format called "Endnote" with a format of
        <Endnote>[<$paranumonly>]<Default P Font>

* In the body of the document, add a cross-reference to the Endnote
paragraph that lists the reference.

Unfortunately, if you rearrange the text, the notes will not
automatically be re-arranged in the back of the document.  When you
are ready to produce the document, go to the beginning, use Edit
Search/Find to search for "Cross-Reference of Format: Endnote".  If
you find an Endnote that is out of order, re-arrange the note text in
the back of the document.

Thanks to [e-mail] (David Cortesi)!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  30   Are there any SGML converters for FM?

    "MIF/SGML Conversion System" (Unix)         John Payne
    Avalanche Development Company               tel. [phone]
    947 Walnut Street                           fax. [phone]
    Boulder, CO 80302 USA                       [e-mail]

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  31   Where can I get the FUN tape?

The FUN tape contains some sample clip art and various useful programs
and filters.  It is available by anonymous FTP from
    Site                        Directory
    procyon.cis.ksu.edu         pbu/FUN/FUN_Tape-2.1
    irisa.irisa.fr              FrameMaker

Or, send a blank tape (size/format?) to:
    Frame Technology
    Attn: FUN Tape
    1010 Rincon Circle
    San Jose, CA 95131 USA

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  32   I want chapter number and title on separate lines, both in TOC.

At the beginning of each chapter I want:

                  Chapter <n>

           Title of Chapter Goes Here

This requires two paragraphs, one for the number and one for the
title.  However, in the TOC I want:

    Chapter <n>   Title of Chapter Goes Here...............<pagenum>

Solution: Use different paragraph tags for your Chapter number and
Title (e.g. ChapNum & ChapTitle).  In your TOC Setup, gather only
ChapTitle.  In the the TOC document itself, modify the Paragraph
Format for ChapTitleTOC to set Numbering Properties to:
    Chapter <n+>.\t
This will reproduce the chapter numbering, instead of pulling it from
the chapter file.  You may have to use a separate series (H:, C:) or
use Setup File to reset the numbering appropriately.  On the TOC
Reference page, set the entry for ChapTitleTOC to:
    <$paratext>\t<$pagenum>

Thanks to Steve Harding <[e-mail]>, who says
that he got the idea from Rob Weinberg.

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  33   I am having problems transfering Postscript in and out of FM.

-----
A.  Can't take FM Postscript and import into LaTex.

Comment out the following lines in the FM Postscript file, FMDOCUMENT
procedure:
   setpapername
   manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse
   {manualpapersize} {false} ifelse
   {desperatepapersize} if

Thanks to Jan van der Steen (jansteen@cwi.n), by Ingolf Markhof
([e-mail]), and Amir Samad
([e-mail])!

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  34   I used a rotated (landscape) page for a large figure, but the
       figure keeps moving to a portrait page!

If you have a document which contains a figure too wide for a portrait
page, you can created a landscape master page for it to reside on.

The problem is that when you add stuff on the pages before the
landscape page, the landscape figure moves onto another (portrait)
page, and the new text goes onto the landscape page.  If you separate
the landscape page from the flow, then the figure numbers get messed
up.

The easiest solution is to create the figure rotated in an anchored
frame.  You can use a large "scratch" page somewhere to create the
figure of such a size that, when rotated, it will fit on your standard
portrait page. Thus you won't need a custom master page.  Turn off
Cropping in the Special Anchored Frame dialog will allow the frame to
extend beyond the margins, which might allow it to be edited on a
portrait page.  You need to rotate the figure back to horizontal
whenever you need to edit it.

Custom master pages in the middle of a document are a problem because
you cannot integrate them into the automatic alternation of left/right
master pages; you cannot create "alternative" left/right master pages.

Thanks to Rob Weinberg <[e-mail]> !

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  35   Can I generate a table-of-contents directly into a file?

Sort of, by using Cross-References instead of the Generate facility.

At the front of your document, start setting up cross references to
all the paragraphs you want to appear in it.  You can experiment with
all the flexibility offered by X-Ref formats, building blocks,
paragraph formats, autonumbers, etc.

Of course, every time you add a new section to your document, you must
manually add a corresponding cross reference in your TOC, but from
then on it's self-maintaining.  To update the TOC, just do an update
on Internal Cross References.  If you delete a section and forget to
delete the cross reference in the TOC, no problem!  You use the
standard methods to search- and-destroy (or fix) unresolved cross
references.

This isn't as automated as the Generate method, but it has the major
bonus of giving you the "Go To" hyperlink on the Cross Reference
dialogue box.  When you want to go to a section, you just double-click
on the cross reference in the TOC, hit "Go To" in the dialogue box,
and there you are!  Very popular if you have various people reviewing
a document on-line.

Thanks to Ken d'Albenas <[e-mail]> !

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

  36 + Why do some of my cross-references keep changing to point
       to the wrong paragraph?

SITUATION: We have a document with many figures (or tables or
equations).  Each figure is cross-referenced in the body text.

SYMPTOM: Some cross-references seem to be "unstable".  For example,
when one places a cross-reference to 'Figure 3' in the text, the
number is correctly displayed ('Figure 3'). Later on, when the
cross-references are updated, the cross-reference suddenly changes,
e.g. to 'Figure 1'.

(Manually changing the cross-reference back to 'Figure 3' (Special
Cross-Reference, Replace) restored the correct number (3), but when
the 'Update' was performed again, the number reverted to 1!)

CAUSE: The problem is caused by the use of the copy/paste functions to
duplicate a block of text that contains an X-Ref (aka Cross-Ref)
marker. First, here is some background on cross-reference markers.

FM puts an X-Ref marker at the beginning of a paragraph when one first
sets a cross-reference to that paragraph.  Normally, users don't have
to bother about such X-Ref markers.  The marker symbol ('T') is
visible if you have View Text Symbols turned on.

Each marker has a marker number and a descriptive text, such as
              <MText `15755: Figure: Figure 1 Caption one'>

(The Paragraph tag and text are set in the marker when the marker is
first created, and they are not updated when the paragraph changes.
When a cross-reference is updated, the actual paragraph text is used.)

The marker number is crucial; it identifies the source of the
cross-reference (i.e., the paragraph to which one refers), therefore
it seems essential that each such number be UNIQUE in a document! FM
generates a new, unique number whenever you add a new cross-reference
source.

THE SOURCE OF THE PROBLEM: However, if you copy a block of text that
contains an X-Ref marker, such as a figure caption, and then paste it
into another location (e.g., to create a new, similar figure), you end
up with TWO identical X-Ref markers, with the same marker number.

If you insert a reference to this new caption, it will show correctly
in the list box and on-screen, and will read the correct paragraph
text or number.  However, whenever you Update your cross-references,
the destination cross-reference will look for the X-Ref marker with
the particular number, and it will find the first instance of a marker
with that number.  This will cause the cross-reference to be
incorrect, as it will refer to the originally copied paragraph.

DIAGNOSIS: Is there a simple method to see if an existing document
contains the problem described above? There are two methods.

Method 1: Choose File Generate, choose 'Alphabetical Marker List',
include X-Ref (or Cross-Ref) type markers. This will produce a list of
all X-Ref markers, sorted by marker number.  Visually inspect the
generated file: the presence of two or more (consecutive) lines with
the same marker number indicates the presence of the problem.  The
marker texts may be different.

Method 2: Save the document as MIF, for example 'report.mif', then
issue the following Unix command:
        grep MText report.mif | sort > report.lst
This searches for all markers in the document and sorts them by
number. Visually inspect the list of markers: the presence of two or
more (consecutive) lines with the same marker number indicates the
presence of the problem.  The marker texts may be different.

THERAPY: Is it possible to fix the problem?  Yes.  It is a tedious
manual process, but it works reliably.

First, find and delete all duplicated X-Ref markers.  Open the Special
Marker dialog. Use Edit Find/Search to search for "Marker of Type:
X-Ref" or "Marker of Type: Cross-Ref".  (Look in the Marker Type list
in the Marker dialog to find the exact spelling.)  Once it has found a
marker, examine the marker number in the Marker Text box in the Marker
dialog.  If this marker is one of the ones with duplicated numbers,
delete it.  (The marker should be already highlighted by the search,
so just give the document window the focus and hit <backspace> or
<delete>.)  Repeat until all markers that had the duplicated numbers
have been deleted.  You must delete ALL instances of markers with
duplicated numbers, even the original marker which formerly was
correct.

Second, update all cross-references (File Generate-Update from the
book, or Special Cross-References, Update from a single document.)
All of the references to the deleted markers will become "unresolved
cross-references".  Search for these using Edit Find/Search, searching
for "Unresolved Cross-Reference".  Double-click to bring up the
Cross-Reference dialog, and replace the cross-reference with the
correct paragraph. Repeat for each unresolved reference.

Third, update all cross-references again, and check for incorrect
references.  You should also regenerate the marker list and check it
again for duplicates, in case you missed one.

PREVENTION (short term): You can prevent this in the future by noting
whenever you duplicate text containing markers. Turn on View Text
Symbols to see the markers.  Note whenever you copy and paste text
containing a marker.  If you duplicate text with a marker, if it is an
X-Ref marker, delete it!  (This may also apply to other types of
markers.)

When you are ready to publish a document, if there is a possibility of
duplicated markers, generate the marker list and check it for
duplicates.

PREVENTION (long term): Frame has been asked to update the Paste
function to check for markers in the pasted text, and ask the user
what should be done about the pasted markers (delete them, renumber
them, or leave them alone).

Thanks to Folco Casadei <[e-mail]> !

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Send corrections or new questions WITH ANSWERS to Bob McCormick at
[e-mail] or [e-mail] or uunet!tcs!bobmcc. PLEASE DO
NOT SEND ME YOUR QUESTIONS!!  Post or mail your questions to the
group, collect the responses, put together a summary answer, and then
mail it to me for inclusion in the FAQ.   Thanks!

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